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Tobacco companies' combined ingredients list for HHS (2003)

Most of these ingredients are commonly used in foods and beverages, or permitted for use in foods by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or have been given the status "Generally Recognized as Safe in Foods" (GRAS) by FDA, the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) or other expert committees.

Ingredient
Acetanisole FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in beef, cranberry, guava, grape, mango, peppermint; used in frozen dairy products, hard candies.
Acetic Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, beer, beef, apple juice, apricot, blue cheese, blueberry; used in condiment relish.
Acetoin FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, butter, yogurt, asparagus, black currant, blackberry, wheat, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cantaloupe; used in baked goods.
Acetophenone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, cheese, apricot, banana, beef, cauliflower; used in chewing gum.
2-Acetylpyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in beef, coffee, popcorn, sesame seed, almond, wheat bread, cocoa, peanut, pork, potato chips; used in frozen dairy products.
3-Acetylpyridine FEMA GRAS; found in roasted filbert, cocoa; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, candy, gelatin & pudding, baked goods.
2-Acetylthiazole FEMA GRAS; found asparagus, potato, beer, beef; used in snack foods, baked goods.
DL-Alanine and L-Alanine Natural constituent of proteins in plants and animals; found in apple, beef, carob, pea, soybean, wine, zucchini.
Alfalfa Extract FEMA GRAS; found in alfalfa; used in baked goods.
Ammonium Alginate FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; used in confections, frostings, gelatin & pudding, sauces. Ammonium alginate is used as a binder in the tobacco sheet of cigarettes that primarily heat tobacco.
Ammonium Hydroxide FDA GRAS; found in cured pork.
Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic Used in dough, ice cream, gelatin & pudding.
Amyl Alcohol FEMA GRAS; found in pineapple, apple juice, asparagus, provolone cheeses, coffee; used in nonalcoholic beverages, baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, chewing gum.
Amyl Butyrate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, apricot, banana, beer; used in baked goods, chewing gum.
Amyl Octanoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in strawberry, apple; used in baked goods, candy.
Amyris Oil FDA-approved food additive; found in Amyris balsamifera L.
trans-Anethole FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in cheese, tea, apple, licorice; used in alcoholic beverages.
para-Anisaldehyde FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in tea, tomato, beer; used in baked goods, candy, frozen dairy products.
Anise Star Oil FEMA GRAS; used in alcoholic beverages, baked goods, condiments, relish, chewing gum, soft candy.
Anisyl Acetate FEMA GRAS; found in currant; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, chewing gum.
Apple Juice Concentrate and Extract Found in apple; used in juices, baked goods.
L-Arginine FEMA GRAS; natural constituent of proteins in plants and animals.
Ascorbic Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in citrus fruit, tea leaves; used in baked goods, sweet sauce, soups, candy, gelatin & pudding, dairy products.
L-Aspartic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in proteins, licorice; used in seasonings.
Balsam Peru Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in Peru balsam; used in baked goods, syrups, candy, chewing gum.
Beeswax Resinoid and Absolute FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, candy, honey.
Beet Juice Concentrate Found in beets.
Benzaldehyde FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, almond, apricot, artichoke, asparagus, beans, beef, beer; used in baked goods, chewing gum.
Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, chewing gum, candy.
Benzoic Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in cinnamon, strawberry, tea, apple, beer, bread, cocoa, honey; used in baked goods, cheese, candy, chewing gum, condiment relish.
Benzoin, Resin, Resinoid, Gum, and Absolute FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, gelatin & pudding, chewing gum.
Benzyl Alcohol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, beef, beer, almond, apple, apple juice, asparagus, banana, black currant, blackberry; used in chewing gum, candy, baked goods.
Benzyl Benzoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in celery, parsley, black currant, butter, guava, pineapple, papaya; used in ice cream, baked goods, candy.
Benzyl Phenylacetate FEMA GRAS; used in baked gods, soft candy.
Benzyl Propionate FEMA GRAS; found in strawberry and melon. Used in baked goods, soft candy.
Bornyl Acetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in carrot, black currant, gin, ginger, kiwi fruit, pistacia, plum, sweet potato, soy sauce, black & green tea; used in gelatin & pudding, candy, ice cream.
Brown Sugar Found in food sugar sources; used in baked goods, candy, breakfast cereals.
1,3-Butanediol Used as a solvent for natural and synthetic flavors.
Butanoic Acid, 3-Methyl-, 4-Methylphenyl Ester FEMA GRAS; found in raspberry, coffee, tea, rum; used in baked goods, ice cream, candy.
1-Butanol, 3-Methyl-, Benzoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in beer, cherry, cocoa, papaya; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding.
Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil FEMA GRAS; found in butter; used in frozen dairy products.
Butyl Alcohol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, banana, celery, cheese (cheddar and swiss), peach, potato; used in nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, cream, baked goods.
n-Butyl Isovalerate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apricot, banana, parmesan cheese, olives, pear, plum, strawberry, wine; used in baked goods.
3-Butylidene Phthalide FEMA GRAS; found in celery, celery stalk; used in soups, condiments, meat products.
Butyric Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beef, beer, black currant, blueberry, wheat bread, butter, blue cheese; used in snack foods, candy, margarine.
Butyl Butyryl Lactate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in sweet sauces; used in nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, cheese, sweet sauces.
Caramel and Caramel Color FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in sugars; used in gravies, meat products, condiments.
Carbon Carbons are used in air and water filtration systems. Carbons are also used as clarifiers and decolorizers in the food and beverage industry. Carbon is the main heat source constituent in cigarettes that primarily heat tobacco.
Carbon Dioxide FDA GRAS; used in beverages, meat products, processed fruits, dairy products.
Cardamon Oil and Powder FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in cardamom; used in baked goods, pickles, meat products.
Carob Bean and Extract FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in carob beans; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, icings & toppings.
beta-Carotene Found in carrot, pumpkin, spinach, broccoli; used in processed fruit and fruit juices, dairy products.
Carrot Juice Found in carrots; used in juices, frozen foods.
Carrot Seed Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in carrot; used in baked goods.
L-Carvone FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in celery seed, clove, coriander seed; used in baked goods, meat products, cheese.
beta-Caryophyllene Oxide FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in rosemary; used in beverages, ice cream, candy, condiments.
beta-Caryophyllene FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in carrot, artichoke, banana, cashew, apple, celery, chervil, chicken, cocoa; used in chewing gum, ice cream, beverages.
Cassia Bark, Buds, Oil and Extract FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in cassia; used in fruit juice, gelatin & pudding, meat products.
Castoreum Extract, Tincture, Liquid, and Absolute FEMA GRAS; found in castor; used in baked goods, condiments, candy, chewing gum.
Cedarwood Oil Found in the wood of Cedar tree (Juniperus Virginian).
Celery Seed Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in celery seed; used in soups, meat products, baked goods.
Cellulose Fiber Natural polysaccharide, which is the most abundant carbohydrate in nature; found in all plant material; used in grated cheese, fruit preserves/jams, fruit jellies. Cellulose fiber is used as a sheet strengthener in tobacco sheets.
Chamomile Absolute and Oil Found in chamomile flowers; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, baked goods, gelatin & pudding.
Chicory Extract FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in chicory; used in baked goods, nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream.
Chocolate Liquor Common food item.
Cinnamic Alcohol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in guava, lemon peel oil, bourbon vanilla; used in baked goods, chewing gum.
Cinnamic Aldehyde FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in beer, brandy, blueberry, cantaloupe, capers, cranberry, gin, guava, melon; used in gravies, candy, ice cream, meat products.
Cinnamon Bark Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in cinnamon tree; used in baked goods, chewing gum, candy, meat products, condiments, pickles.
Cinnamyl Acetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in guava; used in candy, ice cream, condiments.
Citral FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in grapefruit juice, oranges, orange juice, celery, apricot, black currant, grape, hops, kiwi fruit, mango, mango ginger, melon, plum, raspberry, rum; used in baked goods, candy, ice cream.
Citric Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; widely found in fruits and vegetables; used in fruit juices, meat products, poultry, beverages.
Citronella Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in citronella; used in alcoholic beverages, ice cream, baked goods.
Citronellic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in peppermint oil; used in baked goods.
Clary Sage Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in clary sage; used in alcoholic beverages, baked goods, condiments.
Cocoa, Cocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate, Powder, Alkalized, Absolute and Tincture FDA GRAS; found in cocoa, cocoa shells; used in baked goods.
Coffee and Coffee Solid Extract FDA GRAS; found in coffee; used in baked goods, candy, syrups.
Coffee Beans, Ground FDA GRAS; found in coffee; used in baked goods, candy, syrups.
Coffee Extract FDA GRAS; found in coffee; used in baked goods, candy, syrups.
Cognac White and Green Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in cognac brandy; used in alcoholic beverages, ice cream, baked goods.
Coriander Extract Oil and Seed FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in coriander; used in baked goods, meat products, condiments.
Corn Starch
Corn Syrup FDA GRAS; found in food sugar sources; used in baked goods, candy, breakfast cereals.
Damascenone FEMA GRAS; found in apple, black tea, Riesling wine; used in beverages, frozen dessert, baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, preserves, condiments.
beta-Damascone FEMA GRAS; found in rose, rum, brandy, tea; used in baked goods, candy, chewing gum.
Davana Oil FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in Artemisia plant; used in alcoholic beverages.
delta-Decalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, beef fat, butter, black currant, blackberry, blue cheese, cheddar cheese, chicken, coconut, cranberry, cream; used in baked goods, margarine, candy.
gamma-Decalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, beef, butter, beer, blue cheese, grape brandy, plum brandy, wheat bread, cantaloupe, cheese; used in baked goods, frozen dairy products.
Decanoic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apple flowers, banana, beef, beer, blackberry, blue cheese, brandies, wheat bread, butter, heated butter; used in imitation dairy goods.
Diacetyl FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in yogurt, tea, coffee; used in baked goods, meat products.
Diethyl Malonate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in whiskey, wine, blackberry, grape brandy, strawberry wine.
2,3-Diethylpyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in wheat bread, wheat, hazelnut, baked potato, soy sauce; used in candy, gelatin & pudding.
2,6-Dimethoxyphenol FEMA GRAS; found in maple syrup, rum, smoked sausage, wine; used in seafood, meat products, baked goods, candy, soups.
Dimethyl Benzyl Carbinol Butyrate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in Sake; used in frozen dairy products, beverages, candy, baked goods.
Dimethyl Sulfide FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in asparagus, milk, oysters, sweet corn; used in baked goods, frozen dairy, gelatin & pudding.
3,4-Dimethyl-1, 2-Cyclo-Pentadione FEMA GRAS; found in roasted coffee; used in nut products, beverages, ice cream, candy.
4,5-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-2,5-Dihydrofuran-2-One FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, seasonings, sweet sauces, poultry.
2,3-Dimethylpyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in bakery products, meat, cheese, papaya. Used in baked goods, meat products, nonalcoholic beverages.
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in beef, blackberry, grape brandy, cantaloupe, corn, endive, grapefruit juice; used in breakfast cereals.
delta-Dodecalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in beef, butter, milk, blue cheese, cheddar cheese, chicken, coconut, lamb/mutton, peach, plum, pork; used in meat products, baked goods, candy.
gamma-Dodecalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, beer, cheddar cheese; used in baked goods, frozen dairy.
4-Ethenyl-2-Methoxy-Phenol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in beans, coffee, sherry, whiskey, banana, beer, cocoa, cured ham, malt; used in meat products, ice cream, baked goods.
Ethyl 2-Methylbutyrate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apple juice, beer, bilberry, blackberry, brandy apple, brandy grape, cantaloupe, fig, grape, honeydew melon; used in hard candy, beverages, ice cream.
Ethyl Acetate FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apple juice, banana, beans, beef, beer, blue cheese, blueberry; used in chewing gum, beverages, ice cream, candy.
Ethyl Alcohol, Including Specially Denatured Alcohol #4 FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, bread, coffee, cucumber, potato. As required by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regulations, nicotine sulfate is used to denature the alcohol, which is used as a solvent to apply flavors during processing. There is no measurable effect on the nicotine level of the finished cigarette as a result of this process.
Ethyl Benzoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apricot, arctic bramble, babaco fruit, banana, beer, bilberry, bilberry wine, black currant, blackberry, brandy apple; used in gelatin & pudding, beverages, ice cream, candy.
Ethyl Butyrate FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apple juice, banana, beer, apricot, beef, blue cheese, brandy; used in chewing gum.
Ethyl Caproate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, beer, cheese, beef, black currant, blackberry, brandies, broccoli; used in baked goods, ice cream, candy.
Ethyl Cinnamate FEMA GRAS; found in beer, blackberry, brandy apple; used in baked goods, beverages, ice cream, candy.
Ethyl Decanoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, banana, beef, wheat bread, butter, cheddar cheese; used in frozen dairy products, ice cream, candy.
4-Ethyl Guaiacol FEMA GRAS; found in coffee, cranberry, smoked pork, rum, smoked sausage, tea, wine; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices.
Ethyl Heptanoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apricot, beer, cocoa; used in baked goods, chewing gum, candy.
Ethyl Isovalerate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, celery, apple, beer, brandy, cantaloupe, cashew apple, parmesan cheese; used in condiments, ice cream, baked goods.
Ethyl Lactate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beer, cocoa, pineapple, apricot, bilberry wine, brandy, butter, capers, chicken, meat products, elderberry, elderberry juice, grape peas, plum; used in chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods.
Ethyl Laurate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beer, cheddar cheese, apricot, bilberry wine, blackberry, brandy, wheat bread, butter; used in baked goods, candy, ice cream.
Ethyl Levulinate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in bilberry wine, brandy grape, wheat bread, cherimoya, cocoa, onion roasted, rum, wine; used in frozen dairy products, beverages, candy, baked goods.
Ethyl Maltol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice; used in sweet sauce, soups, meat products, candy.
Ethyl Methyl Phenyl Glycidate FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; used in condiment relish, beverages, candy, ice cream.
Ethyl Myristate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in cheddar cheese, grape wine, Bartlett pear; used in nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, baked goods.
Ethyl Nonanoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, apple, beer; used in baked goods, candy.
Ethyl Octadecanoate FEMA GRAS; found in grapes, beer, brandy, maple syrup; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, alcoholic beverages.
Ethyl Octanoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beer, blue cheese, apricot, bilberry wine, blackberry, brandy, wheat bread, broccoli, butter, capers; used in frozen dairy products.
Ethyl Oleate FEMA GRAS; found in melons, grapes, brandy, maple syrup; used in nonalcoholic beverages, candy, baked goods, gelatin & pudding, condiment relish.
Ethyl Palmitate FEMA GRAS; found in cheddar cheese, maple syrup, grape wine; used in nut products.
Ethyl Pentanoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, coffee; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding.
Ethyl Phenylacetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, crisp bread, honey, beer, beli, bilberry wine, brandy, wheat bread, cantaloupe, chempedak fruit, cocoa, grape, grapefruit juice, guava, licorice, melon; used in gelatin & pudding, syrups, baked goods.
Ethyl Propionate FEMA GRAS; found in apples, apricot, banana, beer, bilberry, blackberry, brandy, cantaloupe, cheddar cheese, cocoa, fig, grape, guava; used in baked goods, meat products, ice cream.
3-Ethyl Pyridine FEMA GRAS; found in beef, chicken, coffee, corn oil, almond, barley, beer, wheat bread, cocoa, eggs; used in candy, ice cream, meat products, baked goods.
Ethyl Vanillin FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in vanilla beans; used in alcoholic beverages, imitation vanilla extract, breakfast cereals.
Ethyl Vanillin Glucoside FEMA GRAS; used in hard candy, instant coffee, tea, snack foods, baked goods.
3-Ethyl-2-Hydroxy-2- Cyclopenten-1-One FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, frozen dairy, gelatin & pudding.
2-Ethyl-3(5 or 6)- Dimethylpyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in beef, coffee, bread; used in baked goods, cereals, candy, dairy products.
5-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy-4-Methyl- 2(5H)-Furanone FEMA GRAS; nature identical by FEMA; found in beef, beer, wheat bread, cashew, chicken, cocoa, coconut, coffee, crayfish, eggs, hazelnut; used in chewing gum, meat products.
2-Ethyl-3-Methylpyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in beef, whole egg, chicken, heated corn oil, krill, lamb/mutton, boiled shrimp, fermented soy sauce; used in candy, ice cream, beverages.
Eucalyptol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in black currant, blueberry, brandy, cantaloupe, cheese, cocoa, grape, thyme, babaco fruit, bilberry, corn; used in chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods.
Eucalyptus Oil FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, meat products, soft candy, gelatin.
Fenugreek, Seed, Extract, Resin, and Absolute FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in fenugreek; used in gelatin & pudding, nonalcoholic beverages.
Fig Juice Concentrate and Extract Common food item; found in figs; used in fruit breads, cookies, cakes, sauces, fillings and cereals.
Fructose FDA GRAS; used in fruit juices, yogurt, dairy products.
Furaneol FEMA GRAS; found in beef, maple syrup, cassia oil; used in frozen dairy products, baked goods, candy.
4-(2-Furyl)-3-Buten-2-One FEMA GRAS; found in coffee; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, baked goods, gelatin & pudding, alcoholic beverages.
Genet Absolute FEMA GRAS; used in alcoholic beverages, baked goods, candy.
Gentian Root Extract Found in Yellow Gentian; used in baked goods, frozen dairy, nonalcoholic beverages, gelatin.
Geraniol FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apricot, beer, bilberry, black currant, blackberries; used in baked goods, candy, ice cream.
Geranium Bourbon Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in geranium leaves and stems; used in chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods.
Geranyl Acetate FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in coffee, tea, rosemary; used in baked goods, chewing gum, meat products.
Geranyl Acetone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in almond, asparagus, beans, beef, beer, cashew, parmesan cheese, chicken; used in baked goods, candy, dairy products.
Geranyl Phenylacetate FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, gelatin & pudding.
Ginger Oil and Oleoresin FEMA GRAS; found in ginger; used in candy, baked goods, meat products.
Glucose / Dextrose FDA GRAS; found in food sugar sources; used in baked goods, candy, breakfast cereals.
Glycerides, Mixed Decanoyl and Octanoyl FDA GRAS; found in coconut; used in shortening, candies, chocolate.
Glycerol FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in beer, cherry, wine; used in milk products, baked goods, meat products.
Grape Juice Concentrate Found in grapes; used to make wine.
Graphite Carbons are used in air and water filtration systems. Carbons are also used as clarifiers and decolorizers in the food and beverage industry. Graphite is a soft, crystalline form of carbon. Graphite is a heat source constituent in cigarettes that primarily heat tobacco.
Guaiacol FEMA GRAS; found in celery, cocoa, coffee, rum, soybean, tea, tomato, whiskey, wine; used in ice cream, ices, baked goods, meat products, chewing gum, dairy products.
Guar Gum FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in the seed of the guar plant which is similar to the soybean plant; used in breakfast cereals, dairy products, gravies, processed vegetables, baked goods. Guar gum is used as a binder in the carbon heat source of cigarettes that primarily heat tobacco.
Guava Extract Found in guava.
2,4-Heptadienal FEMA GRAS; found in avocado, beef, black currant, bread, wheat, broccoli, butter, heated butter, cabbage, cauliflower; used in meat products, baked goods, soups, candy.
gamma-Heptalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in mango, passion fruit, peach, black tea, asparagus, butter, hazelnut, lamb/mutton, leek, licorice, nectarine, papaya, pineapple; used in candy, baked goods, ice cream.
Heptanoic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beer, banana, beef, dried blue cheese, brandy, bread, wheat, butter, cheddar cheese; used in baked goods, margarine, ice cream.
2-Heptanone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beer, beef, apricot, asparagus, beans, blue cheese, wheat butter; used in gravies, ice cream, condiments, baked goods.
4-Heptenal FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in butterfat, soybean oil; used in nonalcoholic beverages, baked goods, meat products, candy, cereals, dairy products.
omega-6-Hexadecenlactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in ambrette seed oil; used in baked goods, candy.
gamma-Hexalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, beef, butter, apple, asparagus, beer, blackberry, brandy, wheat bread; used in candy, baked goods, ice cream.
Hexanal FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, asparagus; used in baked goods, frozen dairy.
Hexanoic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beef, beer, apricot, banana, barley, blackberry, blue cheese, blueberry, bread, wheat; used in condiment relish, ice cream, candy.
2-Hexen-1-ol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in asparagus, beer, prune; used in baked goods, gelatin & pudding, nonalcoholic beverages.
cis-3-Hexen-1-yl Acetate FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, apricot, artichoke, asparagus, avocado, banana, beans, beef, beer, blackberry, blueberry, dried bonito, grape brandy, wheat bread; used in ices, candy, baked goods.
3-Hexenoic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beer, apple juice, artichoke, beans, blackberry, blueberry; used in beverages, candy, baked goods, gelatin & pudding, frozen desserts.
cis-3-Hexenol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beans, celery, grape, apricot, cantaloupe, pineapple, honeydew melon; used in chewing gum, ice cream, candy, baked goods.
Hexyl Acetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, peach, coffee; used in alcoholic beverages, baked goods, meat products.
Hexyl Alcohol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beef, chicken, coffee, pineapple, potato; used in baked goods, gelatin & pudding, dairy products.
Hexyl Phenylacetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in grape, tea, scotch, spearmint, black and green tea; used in frozen dairy products, candy, baked goods.
High Fructose Corn Syrup FDA GRAS; found in food sugar sources; used in baked goods, candy, breakfast cereals.
Honey Common food item; used in condiments, sauces, deli meats and salad dressings.
4-Hydroxy-3-Pentenoic Acid Lactone FEMA GRAS; found in bread, grapes, soy beans; used in ice cream, ices, baked goods, gelatin & pudding, meat products, meat sauces, soups, milk & dairy products, cereals.
4-(para-Hydroxyphenyl)-Butan-2-one FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in almond, beef, coffee, grape, guava, hazelnut, pineapple, popcorn, raspberry, soy sauce, strawberry; used in chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods.
Immortelle Absolute and Extract FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, chewing gum, frozen dairy products.
Invert Sugar FDA GRAS; found in food sugar sources; used in baked goods, candy, breakfast cereals.
alpha-Ionone FEMA GRAS; found in raspberry, almond, banana, blackberry, grape brandy, raspberry brandy, capers, carrots, celery, cherry, grapefruit juice, kumazasa, mango ginger, peach, peas, plum; used in chewing gum, ice cream.
beta-Ionone FEMA GRAS; found in carrot, almond, apricot, beer, blackberry, brandy, broccoli, capers, cherry, endive; used in candy, baked goods, ice cream.
alpha-Irone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in orris root, raspberry; used in baked goods, candy, alcoholic beverages.
Isoamyl Acetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beer, apricot, blackberry, blackberry brandy, wheat bread, butter; used in chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods.
Isoamyl Butyrate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, blue cheese, grape, apple, apricot, beer, apple brandy, grape brandy, guava, honey, mango; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, baked goods, chewing gum.
Isoamyl Isovalerate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, tomato; used in frozen dairy, candy.
Isoamyl Phenylacetate FEMA GRAS; found in peppermint oil; used in baked goods, candy, chewing gum.
Isobutyl Acetate FEMA GRAS; found in fruit, cheese, meat; used in chewing gum, baked goods, candy, nonalcoholic beverages.
Isobutyl Cinnamate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in coffee, tomato, mullein leaves; used in candy, ice cream, baked goods.
Isobutyl Phenylacetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in cocoa; used in baked goods, ice cream, candy.
alpha-Isobutylphenethyl Alcohol FEMA GRAS; used in nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices candy, gelatin & pudding, baked goods.
Isobutyraldehyde FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana; used in frozen dairy, candy.
Isobutyric Acid FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beef, beer, celery, banana, blue cheese, grape brandy, wheat bread, cashews, apples, cheddar cheese; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding.
Isovaleric Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beer, banana, blue cheese, grape brandy, wheat bread, heated butter, capers, cashew, apples, cheddar cheese; used in frozen dairy products, candy, cheese.
Jasmine Absolute FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in jasmine flowers; used in baked goods, chewing gum, candy.
Juniper Berry Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in juniper berry; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding.
Labdanum Absolute FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, frozen dairy products, gelatin & pudding.
Lactic Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, beef, beer, bread, cocoa, coffee, wheat bread, cherry, grape, guava, mango milk, papaya, dry salami, sherry, tomato; used in cheese, candy, chewing gum, baked goods.
Lauric Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beer, blue cheese, banana, beef, blackberry, brandy, wheat bread, butter, heated butter, cantaloupe, cashew; used in baked goods, candy, ice cream.
Lavandin Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in flowering stalks of the lavender plant; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, baked goods, candy, chewing gum.
Lemon Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in lemons; used in candy, breakfast cereals, frozen dairy products.
Lemon Oil Terpeneless FEMA GRAS; found in lemons; used in candy, breakfast cereals, frozen dairy products.
Lemongrass Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in lemongrass; used in chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods.
Levulinic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in wheat bread, papaya; used in reconstituted vegetables, ice cream, baked goods.
Licorice Root, Fluid Extract and Powder FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in glycyrrhizia; used in candy, baked goods, meat products.
Lime Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in lime; used in soft candy, meat products, chewing gum, baked goods.
Linalool FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, beer, blackberry, beans, blueberry, apple, apricot, arctice bramble, artichoke, grape brandy, plum brandy; used in meat products.
Linalool Oxide FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in orange, apricot, coffee; used in ice cream, baked goods, candy.
Linalyl Acetate FEMA GRAS; found in oranges, apricot, coffee; used in ice cream, baked goods, candy.
Linoleic Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in bergamot, clary sage, lemon oil, pepper, tomato, lavender; used in baked goods, dairy products, candy.
Lovage Oil and Extract FEMA GRAS; found in levisticum; used in sweet sauce, alcoholic beverages, ice cream.
L-Lysine Found in amino acid, plant & animal proteins; used in meat products, breakfast cereals.
Mace FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in mace; used in baked goods, meat products.
Mace Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in mace; used in baked goods, meat products.
L-Malic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in celery, cocoa, orange juice, grape brandy, sour cherry, gin, grapefruit juice, honey, hops, kiwi fruit, mango, mushroom; used in frozen dairy goods, candy, baked goods.
Malt and Malt Extract Found in barley, cocoa, coffee, beef, wheat bread, butter, hazelnut, licorice, malt, milk, peanut; used in frozen dairy goods, jellies, baked goods.
Maltodextrin Used in baked goods, candy, frozen dairy products.
Maltol FEMA GRAS; found in barley, cocoa, coffee, beef, wheat bread, butter, hazelnut, licorice, malt, milk, peanut; used in frozen dairy goods, jellies, baked goods.
Maple Syrup Used in baked goods, soft candy, sweet sauce, gelatin & pudding.
Mate Leaf, Absolute, Extract and Oil Found in mate leaves; used in flour, meat products, poultry.
para-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-One FEMA GRAS; found in buchu leaf oil; used in frozen dairy, baked goods, gelatin & pudding, candy.
L-Menthol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in peppermint plant, honey, mint, rum, cocoa, eggs, guava, raspberry, rice, spearmint; used in candy, mouthwash.
L-Menthone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in peppermint, cocoa, cinnamon; used in alcoholic beverages, baked goods, gelatin & pudding.
L-Menthyl Acetate Found in peppermint oil; used in baked goods, frozen dairy, gelatin.
2-Methoxy-3-(2-Methylpropyl)-Pyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in beans, coffee, pea, pepper, potato, spinach, grape; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, dairy products.
2-Methoxy-3-Methyl-Pyrazine FEMA GRAS; used in hard and soft candy, baked goods, gelatin & pudding.
2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in cocoa, sausage, banana, beer, coffee; used in baked goods, meat products.
Methyl 2-Furoate FEMA GRAS; found in almond, cocoa, coffee, filbert, peanut; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, baked goods.
Methyl 2-Pyrrolyl Ketone FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, cocoa, coffee, onion, peanut; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, meat products.
Methyl Benzoate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in banana, cherry, coffee, brandy, butter, cashew, apple; used in chewing gum, ice cream, candy.
Methyl Dihydrojasmonate FEMA GRAS; found in jasmine oil, black tea; used in baked goods, nonalcoholic beverages, candy.
Methyl Linoleate/Methyl Linolenate FEMA GRAS; found in banana, grape, grapefruit juice, melon, strawberry; used in ice cream, baked goods, candy.
2-Methyl Pentanoic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in coffee; used in baked goods, frozen dairy.
Methyl Phenylacetate FEMA GRAS; found in coffee, cocoa; used in candy, syrups, baked goods.
Methyl Salicylate FEMA GRAS; found in blackberry, broccoli, butter, cherry cake, coffee; used in candy, ice cream, syrups.
trans-2-Methyl-2-Butenoic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in celery oil, orange juice crystals, coffee, strawberry; used in baked goods, meat products, soups.
2-Methyl-3((5 or 6)Furfurylthio)pyrazine FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, meat products, alcoholic beverages.
6-Methyl-3, 5-Heptadien-2-One FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in almond, asparagus, beef, beer, wheat bread, cashew, chicken; used in snack foods.
2-Methyl-5-(1-Methylethyl)-Phenol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in pepper, spearmint, tea; used in baked goods, condiments, candy, gelatin & pudding, chewing gum.
6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One FDA approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in guava, mango, potato, rum; used in gravies, candy, baked goods.
4-Methylacetophenone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in hop oil, cocoa powder, black currant; used in chewing gum.
3-Methylbutyraldehyde FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, bread, tomato, rice, blackberry; used in baked goods.
2-Methylbutyric Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apricot, avocado, beef, beer, blackberry, brandy, butter, cantaloupe, carrot; used in cheese, ice cream, candy.
Methylcyclopentenolone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in carambola (star fruit), cheese, tomato; used in breakfast cereals, baked goods, candy.
2-Methylheptanoic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in gardenia flower oil, almond, cocoa, coffee, soy sauce, onions; used in baked goods, ice cream, candy.
2-Methylhexanoic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in apple, avocado, banana, barley, beans, beef, beer, blackberry, blue cheese, wheat bread, butter; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding.
3-Methylpentanoic Acid FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apricot, beer, blackberry, blueberry, wheat bread, Romano cheese, chicken; used in baked goods.
2-Methylpyrazine FEMA GRAS; found in peppermint oil, tomato, popcorn; used in milk products, baked goods, candy.
5-Methylquinoxaline FEMA GRAS; found in coffee; used in meat products, soft candy, frozen dairy, nonalcoholic beverages.
Molasses and Extract Common food item; found in refined sugars.
Monoammonium Glycrrhizinate FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in glycyrrhizia; used in candy, baked goods, meat products.
Myristic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beef, beer, blackberry, brandy, grape, butter, cantaloupe, cashew, cheese (blue, cheddar); used in nonalcoholic beverages, candy, baked goods.
Myrrh Oil, Extract, and Absolute FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in myrrh; used in alcoholic beverages.
Nerol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, beer, blackberry, blueberry, brandy grape, cranberry, gin, grape, grapefruit juice, honey, hops, wine; used in frozen dairy products.
Neroli Bigarade Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in oranges; used in baked goods, candy.
Nerolidol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in grapefruit, hops, lime, grapefruit oil; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, baked goods.
Neryl Isovalerate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, candy, frozen dairy.
2,6-Nonadien-1-ol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in cucumber, frozen peas, heated pork fat, potato chips, whole soybeans, tomato; used in nonalcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages, baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, gravies.
gamma-Nonalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in beer, wheat bread, capers, cherry, chicken, clam; used in candy, baked goods, ice cream.
Nonanoic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, apricot, artichoke, avocado, banana, beef, beer, wheat bread; used in baked goods, candy, meat products.
2-Nonanone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in strawberry; used in dairy products, condiments.
Nutmeg Powder and Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in nutmeg; used in condiments, baked goods.
delta-Octalactone FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, beef, blackberry, butter, cheese (blue, cheddar, parmesan), cranberry, cream, coconut; used in candy, margarine, baked goods.
gamma-Octalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apricot, asparagus, beef, beer, blackberry, blue cheese, brandy grape, cantaloupe, cherry, chicken, cranberry; used in baked goods, candy, ice cream.
Octanal FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, butter, milk, peanut; used in baked goods, chewing gum.
Octanoic Acid FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beef, blackberry, plum brandy, wheat butter, beer, blue cheese; used in snack foods, baked goods, candy.
2-Octanone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beef, cheese, coffee, cocoa, milk, peanut, tea, wine; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding, dairy products.
1-Octen-3-ol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in mushroom, peppermint, spearmint; used in processed vegetables.
E-2-Octenal FEMA GRAS; found in asparagus, beer, banana, beans, blue cheese, butter, cantaloupe, capers, chicken; used in snack foods, baked goods, dairy products.
Olibanum Oil FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in gum-resin exudate; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, baked goods.
Orange Oil Terpeneless FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in oranges; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, baked goods, condiments, candy, gelatin & pudding, chewing gum.
Orange Sweet Terpeneless Oil FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in oranges; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, baked goods, condiments, candy, gelatin & pudding, chewing gum.
Orange Sweet Terpenes FDA GRAS; found in oranges.
Orris Root Extract FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in orris roots; used in gelatin & pudding, alcoholic beverages.
Palmitic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, beer, celery, cheddar cheese, milk, potato, tomato; used in meat products, baked goods.
para, alpha-Dimethylbenzyl Alcohol FEMA GRAS; found in essential oil of Curcuma longa L.; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy.
Patchouly Oil and Absolute FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in dried leaves of Pogostemon cablin Benth; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, baked goods, candy, chewing gum.
Pectin
omega-Pentadecalactone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; used in baked goods, ice cream, candy.
2,3-Pentanedione FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in nuts, beef, beer, bread, chicken, cocoa, coffee, tomato, yogurt; used in baked goods, candy, gelatin & pudding.
2-Pentanone FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, banana, beef, butter, oil, cheese, chicken, grape, ham, honey, peanut; used in nonalcoholic beverages, ice cream, ices, candy, baked goods.
Pepper Oil, Black and White FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in pepper corns; used in condiments, ice cream, baked goods.
Peppermint Oil and Peppermint Oil Terpeneless FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in peppermint; used in chewing gum, meat products, ice cream, baked goods.
2-Phenethyl Acetate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, banana, beer, brandy, raspberry, wheat bread, butter, cantaloupe; used in candy, ice cream, baked goods.
Phenethyl Alcohol FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple juice, banana, beef, beer, blackberry, blueberry, apple, apricot, asparagus; used in chewing gum, ice cream, baked goods.
Phenethyl lsovalerate FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in peppermint, spearmint, banana, beer, brandy, grape; used in chewing gum, candy, frozen dairy products.
Phenethyl Phenylacetate FEMA GRAS; used in gelatin & pudding, baked goods, frozen dairy.
Phenylacetaldehyde FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in chicken, strawberry; used in baked goods, ice cream, candy.
Phenylacetic Acid FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in almond, asparagus, cocoa, coffee, mushroom, peanut, pork, potato chips, sesame seed, tea; used In sweet sauce, baked goods, candy.
Pineapple Juice Concentrate Found in pineapple; defined as a fruit juice under FDA Standards of Identity.
alpha-Pinene FDA-approved food additive; FEMA GRAS; found in apple, blueberry, plum, brandy, carrot, celery, cheddar cheese, chicken; used in condiments, candy, meat products.
Piperonal FDA GRAS; FEMA GRAS; found in cantaloupe, capers, melon, sherry; used in candy, baked goods.
Pipsissewa Leaf Extract FEMA GRAS; used in nonalcoholic beverages, candy.
Potassium Carbonate FDA GRAS; used in w